{"id":1785,"date":"2022-03-21T12:40:09","date_gmt":"2022-03-21T12:40:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cocoamachinery.com\/?p=1785"},"modified":"2022-03-21T12:42:42","modified_gmt":"2022-03-21T12:42:42","slug":"cocoa-supply-and-demand-2022","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cocoamachinery.com\/id\/cocoa-supply-and-demand-2022\/","title":{"rendered":"Variabel yang memengaruhi penawaran dan permintaan kakao global pada tahun 2022"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ada dua variabel utama yang diperkirakan akan memengaruhi penawaran dan permintaan kakao global pada tahun 2022: iklim dan epidemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Variabel pasokan kakao: perubahan cuaca di negara-negara produsen; variabel permintaan kakao: perkembangan wabah global.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Iklim<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pohon kakao hanya dapat tumbuh subur pada kondisi iklim tertentu, termasuk suhu yang cukup seragam, kelembapan yang tinggi, curah hujan yang cukup, dan tanah yang kaya akan nitrogen. Oleh karena itu, perubahan iklim merupakan tantangan serius bagi negara-negara seperti Pantai Gading dan Ghana, yang ekonominya bergantung pada pertanian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perubahan iklim akan menyebabkan suhu yang lebih tinggi, perubahan pola curah hujan, perubahan kondisi cuaca ekstrem, dan berkurangnya ketersediaan air, yang semuanya akan mengurangi produktivitas pertanian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perkebunan kakao sangat rentan terhadap suhu tinggi akibat deforestasi yang berlebihan dan berkurangnya tutupan hutan. Kurangnya hujan juga dapat mempengaruhi produksi kakao. Musim kemarau yang berlebihan dan curah hujan yang tidak mencukupi dapat memengaruhi penyerbuk kakao dan pada akhirnya menyebabkan hasil panen yang lebih rendah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beberapa dekade yang lalu, cuaca tidak menjadi masalah, tetapi sekarang semuanya telah berubah. Sebagian besar pohon kakao berbuah, tetapi kurangnya hujan membuat buah kakao jatuh sebelum waktunya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Namun, curah hujan yang berlebihan juga merugikan. Curah hujan yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan infeksi serangga dan jamur selama pertumbuhan kakao. Jika pola curah hujan yang tinggi terus berlanjut selama berminggu-minggu atau berbulan-bulan, maka akan ada kecenderungan timbulnya penyakit buah hitam. Penyakit buah hitam pada kakao merupakan salah satu penyakit utama yang mempengaruhi produksi kakao, yang kemudian mempengaruhi pasokan kakao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Data produksi kakao global selama 10 tahun terakhir ditunjukkan pada tabel di bawah ini. Di antara negara-negara tersebut, Ghana mengalami penurunan produksi kakao pada tahun 2018\/19 dan 2019\/20, karena dampak cuaca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Produksi
Produksi Kakao Dunia 2016-2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. Epidemi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) telah mengumumkan varian Omicron dari virus corona yang dilaporkan di Afrika Selatan pada tanggal 24 November, dan mencatat bahwa kemungkinan penyebaran virus secara global lebih lanjut \"sangat tinggi\" karena memiliki banyak mutasi. Meskipun \"tidak ada kematian yang terkait dengan Omicron yang dilaporkan\", WHO mengkhawatirkan \"konsekuensi serius\" di beberapa bagian dunia. Meskipun ada ketidakpastian tentang penularannya, data awal menunjukkan bahwa varian ini \"meningkatkan risiko infeksi ulang.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

55% populasi dunia telah menerima setidaknya satu dosis vaksin COVID-19. 8,18 miliar dosis vaksin telah digunakan secara global, dengan 34,86 juta dosis saat ini digunakan setiap hari. Hanya 6,2% orang di negara-negara berpenghasilan rendah yang menerima setidaknya satu dosis vaksin. Hanya 0,6% vaksin yang divaksinasi di negara-negara berkembang di Afrika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beberapa negara memperketat pembatasan perjalanan dan masuknya orang setelah WHO memperingatkan pada hari Senin tentang risiko lonjakan infeksi secara global, demikian Reuters melaporkan. Jepang mengatakan pada hari Senin bahwa mereka akan menutup perbatasannya untuk orang asing mulai tengah malam untuk mencegah varian Omicron menyebar ke sana. Israel pada hari Sabtu menjadi negara pertama yang menutup perbatasannya secara penuh sebagai tanggapan terhadap Omicron. Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit AS (CDC) dan Departemen Luar Negeri AS pada hari Sabtu menyarankan agar tidak melakukan perjalanan ke delapan negara Afrika bagian selatan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beberapa negara telah mengalami peningkatan jumlah kasus virus corona selama sebulan terakhir. Lebih banyak kasus dapat memperlambat pemulihan ekonomi di negara-negara tersebut dan membebani harga kakao berjangka dalam beberapa bulan mendatang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Variabel
Variabel yang memengaruhi penawaran dan permintaan kakao global pada tahun 2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ada dua variabel utama yang diperkirakan akan memengaruhi penawaran dan permintaan kakao global pada tahun 2022: iklim dan epidemi. Variabel penawaran kakao: perubahan cuaca di negara-negara produsen; variabel permintaan kakao: perkembangan wabah global. 1. ...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1788,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"yasr_overall_rating":0,"yasr_post_is_review":"","yasr_auto_insert_disabled":"","yasr_review_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledge"],"yoast_head":"\nVariables affecting global cocoa supply\u00a0and demand in 2022<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The variables expected to affect global cocoa supply and demand in 2022 are mainly two climate and epidemics.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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