{"id":1785,"date":"2022-03-21T12:40:09","date_gmt":"2022-03-21T12:40:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cocoamachinery.com\/?p=1785"},"modified":"2022-03-21T12:42:42","modified_gmt":"2022-03-21T12:42:42","slug":"cocoa-supply-and-demand-2022","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cocoamachinery.com\/es\/cocoa-supply-and-demand-2022\/","title":{"rendered":"Variables que afectan a la oferta y la demanda mundiales de cacao en 2022"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hay dos variables principales que se espera que afecten a la oferta y la demanda mundiales de cacao en 2022: el clima y las epidemias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Variables de la oferta de cacao: cambios meteorol\u00f3gicos en los pa\u00edses productores; variables de la demanda de cacao: avance mundial de los brotes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Clima<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Los \u00e1rboles del cacao s\u00f3lo prosperan en determinadas condiciones clim\u00e1ticas, como temperaturas bastante uniformes, alta humedad, mucha lluvia y suelos ricos en nitr\u00f3geno. Por ello, el cambio clim\u00e1tico es un grave problema para pa\u00edses como Costa de Marfil y Ghana, cuyas econom\u00edas dependen de la agricultura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El cambio clim\u00e1tico provocar\u00e1 un aumento de las temperaturas, cambios en los reg\u00edmenes de precipitaciones, cambios en las condiciones meteorol\u00f3gicas extremas y una menor disponibilidad de agua, todo lo cual reducir\u00e1 la productividad agr\u00edcola.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los cacaotales son extremadamente vulnerables a las altas temperaturas debido a la excesiva deforestaci\u00f3n y a la reducci\u00f3n de la cubierta forestal. La falta de lluvias tambi\u00e9n puede afectar a la producci\u00f3n de cacao. Los periodos de sequ\u00eda excesiva y las precipitaciones insuficientes pueden afectar a los polinizadores del cacao y, en \u00faltima instancia, reducir los rendimientos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hace d\u00e9cadas, el clima no era una preocupaci\u00f3n, pero ahora las cosas han cambiado. La mayor\u00eda de los \u00e1rboles de cacao est\u00e1n dando frutos, pero la falta de lluvia hace que las vainas se caigan antes de tiempo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sin embargo, el exceso de precipitaciones tambi\u00e9n es una desventaja. Las precipitaciones excesivas pueden provocar infecciones por insectos y hongos durante el crecimiento del cacao. Si el r\u00e9gimen de lluvias intensas se prolonga durante semanas o meses, habr\u00e1 tendencia a la aparici\u00f3n de la enfermedad de la vaina negra. La enfermedad de la vaina negra del cacao es una de las principales enfermedades que afectan a la producci\u00f3n de cacao, lo que a su vez afecta al suministro de cacao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los datos de producci\u00f3n mundial de cacao de los \u00faltimos 10 a\u00f1os se muestran en la siguiente tabla. Entre ellos, Ghana registr\u00f3 un descenso de la producci\u00f3n de cacao en 2018\/19 y 2019\/20, debido al impacto de las condiciones meteorol\u00f3gicas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Producci\u00f3n
Producci\u00f3n mundial de cacao 2016-2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. Epidemia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha dado a conocer la variante Omicron del coronavirus notificada en Sud\u00e1frica el 24 de noviembre, se\u00f1alando que la probabilidad de una mayor propagaci\u00f3n mundial del virus es \"muy alta\" porque presenta muchas mutaciones. Aunque \"no se han notificado muertes relacionadas con Omicron\", la OMS teme \"graves consecuencias\" en algunas partes del mundo. A pesar de la incertidumbre sobre su transmisibilidad, los datos preliminares sugieren que esta variante \"aumenta el riesgo de reinfecci\u00f3n\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

55% de la poblaci\u00f3n mundial ha recibido al menos una dosis de la vacuna COVID-19. Se han utilizado 8 180 millones de dosis de la vacuna en todo el mundo, de las cuales 34,86 millones se utilizan actualmente a diario. S\u00f3lo 6,2% de las personas en pa\u00edses de bajos ingresos recibieron al menos una dosis de la vacuna. En los pa\u00edses en desarrollo de \u00c1frica s\u00f3lo se vacuna a 0,6% de personas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Algunos pa\u00edses est\u00e1n endureciendo las restricciones de viaje y entrada despu\u00e9s de que la OMS advirtiera el lunes del riesgo de un aumento de las infecciones en todo el mundo, inform\u00f3 Reuters. Jap\u00f3n declar\u00f3 el lunes que cerrar\u00eda sus fronteras a los extranjeros a partir de la medianoche para evitar que la variante Omicron se propague all\u00ed. Israel se convirti\u00f3 el s\u00e1bado en el primer pa\u00eds en cerrar completamente sus fronteras en respuesta a Omicron. Los Centros para el Control y la Prevenci\u00f3n de Enfermedades de Estados Unidos (CDC) y el Departamento de Estado desaconsejaron el s\u00e1bado viajar a ocho pa\u00edses del sur de \u00c1frica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Varios pa\u00edses han visto aumentar el n\u00famero de casos de coronavirus en el \u00faltimo mes. Un mayor n\u00famero de casos podr\u00eda frenar la recuperaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica en esos pa\u00edses y lastrar los precios de los futuros del cacao en los pr\u00f3ximos meses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Variables
Variables que afectan a la oferta y la demanda mundiales de cacao en 2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hay dos variables principales que se espera que afecten a la oferta y la demanda mundiales de cacao en 2022: el clima y las epidemias. Variables de la oferta de cacao: cambios clim\u00e1ticos en los pa\u00edses productores; variables de la demanda de cacao: avance mundial de las epidemias. 1. ...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1788,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"yasr_overall_rating":0,"yasr_post_is_review":"","yasr_auto_insert_disabled":"","yasr_review_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledge"],"yoast_head":"\nVariables affecting global cocoa supply\u00a0and demand in 2022<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The variables expected to affect global cocoa supply and demand in 2022 are mainly two climate and epidemics.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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